Vietnam black pepper farm has contributed greatly to the success of Vietnam’s pepper export industry. This post will give you information about the Vietnam black pepper farm and its activities.
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General information about Vietnam black pepper farm
For many years now, the world’s agricultural and spice traders have known our country as the country with the most Vietnam black pepper farms and the number one pepper exporter in the world.
General information about Vietnam black pepper farm
- Vietnam black pepper farm is a large area, a base specializing in the cultivation and production of black pepper for domestic and export markets.
- Currently, our country has 6 key provinces with many Vietnam black pepper farms including: Binh Phuoc, Dak Nong, Dak Lak, Ba Ria – Vung Tau, Dong Nai, Gia Lai. In which, the Central Highlands and the Southeast region lead in terms of area, productivity and output.
Definition of Vietnam black pepper farm
- Vietnam black pepper farms mainly grow pepper and harvest the seeds to produce black and white pepper. When the pepper plant emerges red or yellow on the bunch, the farmer must pick the fruit to make black pepper ( about 5% of the ripe fruit). In contrast, to make white pepper, farmers have to harvest pepper when the pepper cluster is about 20% ripe. In addition, the farm also produces black pepper powder by grinding black peppercorn.
Areas which have Vietnam black pepper farms
Black pepper is grown from Nghe An to the South of Vietnam, a total of 18 provinces have pepper growing areas. In which, the areas with many Vietnam black pepper farms must include the following areas:
Vietnam black pepper farms in Binh Phuoc
Binh Phuoc is one of the provinces with high terrain, less flooded in the rainy season, so long-term industrial crops are very suitable and are invested by farmers to grow a lot. The main perennial crops in the province today include cashew, pepper, coffee, and fruit trees such as durian, mango, longan and citrus.
Vietnam black pepper farms in Binh Phuoc
- Vietnam black pepper farms in Binh Phuoc are concentrated mainly in the districts of Loc Ninh, Binh Long and Bu Dop, the remaining districts have pepper but the area is insignificant.
- The average pepper growing area/household is about 0.5-1.0ha. However, there are many households with 2-3ha pepper growing area and some households also have up to several tens of hectares.
Vietnam black pepper farms in Baria
Ba Ria-Vung Tau is located in the tropical sub-equatorial climate zone, influenced by the monsoon, the total amount of radiation is high and stable, and the temperature is high all year round. These are favorable factors for the growth and development of Vietnam black pepper farms.
Vietnam black pepper farms in Baria
- The biggest influencing factor of climate for pepper production is rain and rain distribution. The main crops invested by people are mainly in Ba Ria-Vung Tau such as pepper, cashew, rubber, coffee. and fruit trees of high economic value are widely consumed by the market. Of the above crops, Vietnam black pepper farms account for 12% of the total land area.
Baria’s black pepper
- Most of the districts in the province have Vietnam black pepper farms (in particular, Con Dao district has a negligible area). However, the pepper area is mainly concentrated in a few districts such as Chau Duc, Xuyen Moc, Tan Thanh, and Ba Ria town. These are localities with a large area of basalt red soil, suitable for pepper plants to grow. The remaining districts and towns have negligible pepper area.
Vietnam black pepper farms in the Central Highlands
The Central Highlands experience a tropical monsoon climate with two distinct seasons: rainy and dry. The heat and humidity conditions are ideal for a wide range of crops, as well as the ecological requirements of pepper plants.
Vietnam black pepper farms in the Central Highlands
- Rubber, coffee, pepper, and cashew are the principal crops of the Central Highlands. Fruit trees, hybrid corn, beans, and rice are also present.
- The majority of Vietnam black pepper farms are located on flat or slightly sloping basalt soils. Because of its deep, well-drained, and fertile soil, this is a good soil for industrial crops.
Chu Se black pepper
- In Chu Se district, the Vietnam black pepper farm is a job-creating crop and the main source of income for thousands of farming households. Chu Se district of Gia Lai province is one of the districts in the Central Highlands provinces with the most Vietnam black pepper farms. Coffee, pepper, rubber, food, and fruits are the principal products of Chu Se.
- Pepper is grown in houses on a scale ranging from a few hundred to several thousand pillars, with an average of 1,000-2,000 pillars, with some households having more than 10,000 pillars.
Competitive advantages of Vietnam black pepper farms
Vietnam black pepper farms have many competitive advantages compared to other countries. This is one of the reasons that make Vietnam become one of the leading countries in pepper production and export.
Competitive advantages of Vietnam black pepper farms
- Areas with many Vietnam black pepper farms have a tropical monsoon climate with suitable temperature and rainfall for growing black pepper.
- Besides, Vietnam has many types of soil such as basalt red soil, industrial land suitable for Vietnam black pepper farm
- Currently, Vietnam black pepper farms are more than 130 thousand hectares, mainly in the Southeast region and the Central Highlands. Vietnam’s pepper output accounts for more than 40% of output and nearly 60% of the world’s pepper export market share. 95% of Vietnam’s pepper volume is for export, the remaining 5% is consumed in the domestic market.
Characteristics of Vietnamese pepper growers
- Vietnamese pepper growers also have many characteristics suitable for this crop: industriousness, hard work, although most of the education levels are not high, but smart, creative, and constantly learning. Farmers also have good knowledge and experience about market supply and demand, so they should use pepper as a currency and store it to bring to the market when there is the best price.
Activities of Vietnam black pepper farms
There are a lot of steps to grow and take care of pepper in Vietnam black pepper farms.
Growing black pepper in Vietnam black pepper farms
Before planting for 2 to 3 weeks, it is necessary to dig a trench around the pepper venom, 10-15 cm from the edge of the pepper venom, 40 – 50 cm deep, 40 – 50 cm wide and then fertilize with manure (the more the better)+ 0.5 kg lime + 0.5 kg superphosphate evenly mixed with topsoil.
Growing black pepper in Vietnam black pepper farms
- When planting, place the pepper pot 15 – 20 cm away from the venom, tilted at an angle of 45 – 600 towards the root of the pepper, if the live venom is planted a little further. Tighten the soil around the pepper pot (pepper cuttings) and then carefully cover it, avoiding drafts and direct sunlight, which will burn the leaves and burn the wire. Venoms with small diameter (< 20 cm) can grow 3-4 cuttings. Brick building venom, 1 cutting every 30 cm.
- The best time to plant in Vietnam black pepper farms is at the beginning of the rainy season, when pepper trees are large enough to withstand drought at the beginning of the dry season.
Taking care of black pepper plants in Vietnam black pepper farm
The technique of caring for pepper is not simple, requiring farmers to have experience and good skills.
Taking care of black pepper plants
- Shade for young pepper in Vietnam black pepper farm: when new pepper is planted, it is necessary to use grass, garbage, coconut leaves, etc. to cover the cabinet to avoid the sun and wind, which causes dehydration and sunburn. It can be covered with a sheet or cover.
- Planting miles in Vietnam black pepper farm: 3 weeks after planting, it is necessary to check to remove dead cuttings and plant miles in time so that the plants can grow evenly with the previous plants.
- Weeding in Vietnam black pepper farm: clean weeds around the base and between rows of pepper. Do not stir in the root of pepper, plowing 50-60 cm from the root. In the rainy season, it is necessary to avoid plowing because it is easy to damage the roots, helping pathogens to penetrate and kill pepper.,,
Watering black pepper
- Shape trimming in Vietnam black pepper farm: After spending high, it is necessary to use a soft rope (plastic rope, nylon) to tie it to the tadpole
- Original cabinets in Vietnam black pepper farm: keep moisture in the dry season with straw, hay, etc. Prevent termites and fires. The cabinet is 10-20 cm from the root.
- Watering in Vietnam black pepper farm: In the dry season, it is necessary to water regularly (without excess water), combined with measures to cover and keep moisture for pepper.
- Pruning live venom in Vietnam black pepper farm: It is necessary to prune live stinging nettle 2-3 times during the rainy season so that pepper plants have enough light.
Harvest black pepper in Vietnam black pepper farms
The harvest season varies by region, January-March in the Southeast and Phu Quoc, February-April in the Central Highlands, March-May in the South Central Coast, and May-July in the North Central Coast.
Harvest black pepper in Vietnam black pepper farms
- Do not harvest when the pepper is still green, the best time to harvest for Vietnam black pepper farms is when the bunch of pepper has more than 5% of ripe fruits that are yellow or red and to make white pepper when over 20% of the fruit is ripe.
- When harvested, they can be dried immediately to make black pepper or incubated for 1-2 days in the cool for the pepper to continue to ripen to make pepper, regularly mix during incubation to ripen the fruit evenly, separate the seeds from the fruit bunch late when exposed to ½ -1 sun.
Harvest black pepper
- Using a seed thresher to separate the pepper from the fruit bunch if the amount of pepper harvested from Vietnam black pepper farms with little or no machine can separate the seeds manually. During the separation process, to avoid scratching and breaking the peppercorns, the stem and seed stalk must be separated from the seeds. The threshing machine must be cleaned before and after use.
Conclusion
High quality black pepper products from Vietnam black pepper farms have contributed greatly to the development of Vietnam’s black pepper export industry. As a reputable black pepper supplier in Vietnam, K- Agriculture is always confident to bring customers the best quality black pepper products. If you want to get more details about black pepper.
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